[i]The pro-Palestine far left in Italy and its militant entanglements

Executive Summary

This report provides an overview of the principal far-left organizations in Italy that support Palestinian groups, offering a concise analysis of their ideological foundations and operational activities.

On Monday, September 22^nd, 2025, the Italian left and the far-left called a strike in support of Gaza. Despite the very limited participation, with only about 6.02% according to official numbers provided by journalist Christian Campigli on Il Tempo daily newspaper, demonstrations turned out to be far from peaceful.[ii]

Milan’s Central train station was besieged for several hours by thousands of pro-Palestinian and far-left demonstrators who threw poles, dumpsters, crates, glass bottles, stones and anything else they could get their hands on at the officers, destroying the building’s large atrium and smashing the glass doors. Over 60 police officers were injured by thugs who, as stated by the secretary general of the FSP police union to the Italian TV, “aimed to kill”.[iii]

In Bologna and Rome, protesters stormed the city’s freeways during rush hour, paralyzing traffic and causing panic among drivers before the belated intervention of riot police, who pushed them into side streets and then chased them. In Venice, police were forced to fire water cannons to prevent protesters from blocking the streets. Similar scenes took place in Genoa, Venice, and Florence. In Milan, demonstrators also set a US flag on fire. Most of the far-left groups reported below were present and are playing an active part in the protests.

In Florence, a motorized hang glider in Palestinian colors flew over a demonstration, evoking the pogrom perpetrated by Hamas on October 7, 2023, while pro-Palestinian activist Flavio Pagano, from the Florence area, posted the video on Instagram with the caption “Do you remember?”[iv]

The alliance between the far left and the Palestinians is more of a relationship of mutual necessity. While the far left is using the Palestinian cause in Gaza to attack the center-right government led by Giorgia Meloni, the Palestinians can leverage the far left’s extensive network and connections, deeply rooted in the region, to relaunch their struggle in the hope of pushing the Italian government to sever diplomatic and economic relations with Israel. It’s worth remembering that, at present, Italy and Germany are the only European countries aligned with Israel and supporting the Trump administration’s stance.

Far-left groups such as CARC and Nuovo Partito Comunista have repeatedly and publicly declared their intention to overthrow the democratically elected government and establish a “popular bloc government,” which translates into anything but a communist regime. Beyond their utopian intent, however, it’s clear that these subversive groups are attempting to bring the country to a standstill and make Italy ungovernable.

Some groups such as CALP, USB, and CARC show clear ideological and political ties to Russia while others such as Rete dei Comunisti, OSA and Cambiare Rotta are close to the Venezuelan regime of Nicolas Maduro, whom they have visited on several occasions.

A further problem is presented by the statements of the general secretary of the CGIL (one of the three main Italian trade unions), Maurizio Landini, who, in November 2024 called for a “social revolt”. [v] [vi]

CGIL was among the groups that called for the September 22^nd strike and, together with USB, they organized a new general strike for October 4^th 2025.[vii]

Figure 1 CGIL secretary Maurizio Landini

A possible US connection: a post announcing the DC terror attack?

On July 17, 2025, the Italian Counter-Terrorism Special Operations Police (DIGOS) raided the home Gabriele Rubini, a far-left pro-Palestinian militant in Rome’s countryside and seized all his electronic devices and USB sticks. The individual was then taken to the local police station for questioning, where he was held until the evening. The aim of the operation was to gain information on his online activities, challenging him for two posts on his X profile, as well as searching his private Telegram and Signal chats. Rubini is also accused of incitement to violence on ethnic and racial grounds.

Moreover, there is one element in particular that has attracted the attention of investigators.

On May 21 at 17:45 Rome time, Rubini published the following post on his social network (X and Telegram):

“Death to diplomats complicit in the genocide that has been ongoing for 77 years. Death to the invaders and those who finance them; death to colonialism, supremacism, racism, and anti-Muslim hatred. Death, therefore, to Zionism and the Jewish colony. Long live Palestine and the native Palestinian Semites.”

Figure 2 Rubini’s post prior to the May 21, 2025 terrorist attack in Washington

At approximately 9:08 p.m. (Washington DC time) on May 21, 2025, a far-left pro-Palestinian terrorist, identified as Elias Rodriguez, opened fire with a handgun on four individuals, two of whom, Yaron Lischinsky and Sarah Milgrim, a couple and Israeli embassy aides, were fatally shot as they were leaving the museum. Israeli government officials said that other embassy employees were injured in the shooting.

Gabriele Rubini’s post calling for the death of Israeli diplomatic personnel was published several hours before the attack. In Washington DC it was still early morning. While it could be a mere coincidence, the post obviously raised suspicion on behalf of the investigators. Furthermore, Rubini published a second post shortly after the attack, with the picture of the two Israeli victims, and the comment:

“What difference is there between an employee of the embassy of the Jewish colony and a Jewish supremacist soldier who massacres Palestinians simply for their existence and resistance? That one carries out the murders (Eichmann) and the other provides the legitimacy and means to do so with impunity.”

Given the seriousness of Rubini’s posts, the timing, and the individual’s intense activism within Italian far-left and Palestinian extremist groups, it’s plausible that suspicions have arisen and investigators want to get to the bottom of it.

Rubini is known to Italian authorities as he has been reported several times for hate speech against Jews. He has already been convicted several times and is awaiting further trial on accounts of aggravated defamation and incitement to violence, after a series of civil actions filed by the Jewish community of Rome and the Union of Italian Jewish Communities.[viii]

On another occasion, during an event at a far-left center in Rome, the prosecution alleged that he “incited violence or acts of provocation to violence against the State of Israel on racial, ethnic, national, and religious grounds, including in his speech the statement: ‘That he was ready to take up arms, if necessary, against the State of Israel itself.”

On Saturday, September 28th, 2024, during a “pro-Palestinian” event organized in Milan by the far-left group “Committee for the Support of Communist Resistance (CARC)” and the Arab-Palestinian Democratic Union, Rubini, incited to mark the houses of the “Zionist agents”.[ix]

Those same “Zionist agents” that were placed in a blacklist published on their websites by the Italian New Communist Party and CARC. Hundreds of names of Italian Jewish and non-Jewish politicians, academics, diplomats, journalists, and activists, all accused of being “Zionists” and “on Israel’s payroll”. The individual also expressed support on several occasions for Yahya Sinwar and Hassan Nasrallah.

Rubini is just one of the many far left pro-Palestinian activists who have been active both, online, and at street demonstrations within a vast network of groups, associations, and movements that in many cases intersect with each other and act side to side with Palestinian groups such as the Associazione Palestinesi in Italia (Association of Palestinians in Italy), its youth group Giovani Palestinesi (Young Palestinians), Studenti Palestinesi (Palestinian students) and UDAP (Arab-Palestinian Democratic Union).

Figure 3 Rubini wearing a Hezbollah patch during a demonstration

A brief description of the Palestinian groups active in Italy

Since October 7, 2023, the Italian far-left has taken to the streets alongside organized Palestinian groups across Europe to demonstrate against the Israeli offensive against Hamas in Gaza, disguising it as a campaign against an alleged genocide.

This campaign has been extremely useful to Hamas, which has also repeatedly called for demonstrations to continue, such as on September 18, 2025, in anticipation of a series of demonstrations in the following days and in the run-up to the second anniversary of the October 7 massacre.

Palestinian groups active in Italy can be classified according to two ideological strands, albeit operating side by side in the streets.

The first, Islamist in nature and considered close to Hamas, is very active in the north of the country. Its leader, Mohammad Hannoun was sanctioned twice by the US Department of Treasury’s OFAC, in October 2024 and June 2025. A Genoa-based Palestinian with Italian citizenship, Hannoun was indicated by the US as “Hamas’ man and money collector in Italy”. He heads at least three associations: ABSPP, Cupola d’Oro, and Associazione Palestinesi in Italia-API (the first two were also sanctioned by OFAC). Hannoun publicly expressed support to Hamas on several occasions and has served as an imam at an Islamic center in Genoa.

Linked to API are two youth associations: Giovani Palestinesi-GPI (Palestinian Youth) and Studenti Palestinesi (Palestinian students).

The second strand, socialist in nature, is organically smaller and mostly present in the center and south. The main group belonging to this area is the Arab-Palestinian Democratic Union (UDAP), a small entity emerged as a split from the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP). Its main leaders on Italian soil are Shoukri “Shosho” Hroub and a Naples-based Palestinian woman from Nazareth named “Maisa Shams” who also runs the cultural center Handala Ali. Moreover, further individual actors ideologically linked to the Popular front for the Liberation of Palestine-PFLP and Samidoun are also known to operate on Italian soil.

Figure 4 Shoukri Hroub

Figure 5 Mohammad Hannoun

Figure 6 UDAP, GPI, API and Palestinian Students co-signing an event

The far-left

Outlined below are the main far-left groups that have been demonstrating alongside the aforementioned Palestinian organizations. These groups have also been actively opposing NATO, the United States, and the current Italian government led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni.

Collettivo Autonomo Lavoratori Portuali Genova-CALP (The Autonomous Port Workers’ Collective of Genoa)

The Collettivo Autonomo Lavoratori Portuali Genova was founded in October 2011 within the Italian communist union CGIL, but broke away in October 2020 to engage in union activity with the Unione Sindacale di Base (USB).

The key issue was the security decrees implemented by the Italian government. The CALP accused the CGIL of failing to address them, of failing to oppose them, prioritizing electoral issues. According to the CALP, “you can’t form a union without creating conflict.” [x]

The CALP is known for its boycotts of shipments of weapons and other goods at the port bound for countries such as Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Yemen; this activity has led to conflicts with the authorities and accusations of criminal conspiracy against its members. While they claim to be against weapon trade and for “peace”, they display pro-Russian and Antifa banners; they often show up in camouflage clothing and only mobilize against Israel, NATO and its Arab partners such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

The CALP, together with the USB, have coordinated several times with the CGT-Confédération générale du travail in Marseille (Fos-sur-Mer port) to implement blockades against ships with presumed cargoes of weapons headed to Israel.[xi] [xii]

In August 2020, the CALP Instagram account posted a video of armed members of the TIKKO, the Turkish communist insurgent organization praising CALP for its “anti-fascist activity in Italy”.

The CALP played a leading role with the group participating in the Gaza Flotilla that set sail from the port of Genoa and with one of its leaders on board, Jose Nivoi, a Genoese of Sardinian origins. Another leader, Riccardo Rudino, threatened to blockade Europe if they were to lose contact with the Flotilla for even 20 minutes and referred to the aforementioned Gabriele Rubini as “our comrade”.[xiii]

Figure 7 pro-Russian flags displayed by CALP

Figure 8 Riccardo Rudino and pro-Russian symbols

Figure 9 The TIKKO statement in support of CALP

Figure 10 Riccardo Rudino next to fellow CALP militants

Unione Sindacale di Base-USB (Base Trade Union)

USB is a Communist trade union founded in Rome in May 2010 with the aim of spreading across all sectors of the workforce and throughout the country, aiming to build a mass alternative to the Italian confederal unions (CGIL, CISL, UIL).

Following the massacre of October 7, 2023, the USB has been constantly present in the streets at pro-Palestine demonstrations, alongside other pro-Pal and far-left groups, moving in particular side by side with the CALP.

In July 2025, USB Tuscany organized a regional mobilization against the presence of the US Army base, Camp Darby, in Tuscany, calling for its “conversion to civilian use”. The event was organized in response to the US bombing of the Iranian nuclear sites as stated on the groups’ Instagram.

USB clearly shares anti-West, anti-US, anti-Israel and anti-NATO positions and invokes Italy’s exit from the Atlantic Alliance but, interestingly, it never shared anti-Russia or anti-China content.

In May 2024, USB advertised an event organized by the The International Workers’ Institute (IWI), founded in 2022 as an off shoot of the World Federation of Trade Unions and boasts members in Italy, Cuba, Spain, the United States, Greece, Palestinian territories, Peru, Colombia, India, South Africa, Belarus, and France. [xiv]

Among the key figures of the USB leadership are Guido Lutrario (CALP), Francesco Staccioli, and Riccardo Rudino.

Figure 11 USB posts against US military presence in Italy

Comitato d’Appoggio alla Resistenza Comunista-CARC (Committee for Support of Communist Resistance) and Nuovo Partito Comunista Italiano-NPCI (Italian New Communist Party- INCP)

The CARC was founded in early 1993 by Giuseppe Maj (born in 1939 in the Bergamo province) following a congress held in Viareggio in November 1992 and promoted by members of the Centro di Documentazione Filo Rosso. The objective of the new committee was to play a vanguard role among the proletarian masses, inspired by revolutionary Marxism-Leninism. In January 1999, the Preparatory Commission for the Founding Congress of the New Italian Communist Party was established. In March of that same year, the commission released a new publication, most likely authored by Maj, called “La Voce del Nuovo Partito Comunista” (The Voice of the New Communist Party), where the new party claimed the need to act underground. In 1999, Maj left his position as national secretary of the CARC and was replaced by Pietro Vangeli, a Milan-based chemical engineer originally from the Calabrian province.

As explained by the Italian investigative journalist, Francesca Galici, for “Il Giornale”, Giuseppe Maj was arrested for the first time in Paris, together with Giuseppe Czppel, in 2003 for subversive association and production of false identity documents, as well as for logistical links with the Spanish terrorist group called Grapo.[xv]

In 2005, once again in France, as the two were arrested for the second time, the Comité d’Aide aux Prisonniers politiques du (nouveau) Parti Communiste Italien (Committee for the aid of political prisoners of the (new) PCI) was created.[xvi]

Where is Giuseppe Maj today? Despite being 85 years old, he seems to still be active, since on September 24th, 2024, he signed a short letter, posted on the NPCI’s website and entitled “Open letter to the members of the Forum “In Praise of Twentieth Century Communism”, referring to an event organized by the Rete Comunista (Communist Network) taking place at Sapienza University in Rome.

It is indeed interesting how close CARC and NPCI are, not only in their roots, but even in the narrative used in their propaganda content. Further observations must be made in relation to a series of aspects such as the fact that the NPCI truly believes that its activity is clandestine; quite a naïve belief for an alleged underground group that uses the web and operates in a small country of 60 million people.

The situation becomes further interesting as the NPCI required help to find “the enemy”, asking potential followers and supporters to report the names of “Zionists” to be included in the party’s blacklist and even managed to get it wrong, by including individuals who have nothing to do with Israel and even some who expressed opinions contrary to Israel’s military operations.

As if it was not enough, CARC and NPCI often complain of being “criminalized” by the “pro-Zionist media”, while at the same time using Nazi-style means such as blacklists, parades with photos of “Zionists” that include Holocaust survivors, and calling for actions such as the marking of “enemy houses”.

On its website, CARC often refers to the NPCI as a “brother party”:

“The (n)Pci and the P.Carc are brother parties: they share a conception of the world, a balance of the communist movement, an analysis of the course of things, a general line, but they play different roles.”. However, there are reasons to believe that several of CARC’s leaders and members are also NPCI members.

In April 2025, a CARC delegation flew to Moscow to take part in the International Anti-Fascist Forum, organized by the Russian Communist Party. As indicated by the group on its own website, this was the first trip to Russia ever made by CARC representatives:

“This is the first time that a delegation of the P.Carc visits the Russian Federation: we thank the comrades of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation for this opportunity.”[xvii]

CARC often claims to aim at coping with the spiral of “World War Three”, which can be translated into trying to oppose NATO’s support to Ukraine. In whose interest? Russia indeed. Moreover, the US and Israeli pressure on the Iranian regime, a historical partner of Russia in the Middle East, falls into the same box. Therefore, could it be that CARC is now trying to look for more support in Russia?

Two key figures who lead CARC are Pietro Vangeli, Andrea De Marchis, Marco Pappalardo and Mattia Cavatorti, while Gabriele Rubini, already cited in the initial part of the report, has also been indicated as a member of CARC and UDAP. The region considered to be the groups’ stronghold is Tuscany, with a consistent presence in other Italian regions such as Latium, Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna.

Figure 12 Marco Pappalardo and Mattia Cavatorti in Moscow

Figure 13 an anti-US slogan by CARC

Figure 14 Andrea De Marchis

Figure 15 Pietro Vangeli

Figure 16 Shoukri Hroub sitting between Andrea De Marchis and Gabriele Rubini in Milan

Rete dei Comunisti-RdC (Communist Network)

Founded in Bologna in September 1998, Rete dei Comunisti (RdC) is a left-wing political network that emerged from the merger of several communist collectives and associations. These included the Forum dei Comunisti and Iniziativa Comunista dell’Emilia-Romagna, In Movimento per un Progetto Comunista from Milan, the Collettivo Comunista Rosa Luxemburg of Aversa, and the Circolo Comunista di Via Trivero in Turin.

In 2017, the network formally joined Potere al Popolo (Power to the People), a grassroots communist party based in Naples, reinforcing its commitment to anti-capitalist and internationalist politics.

RdC operates across three main areas:

Theoretical Research and Publishing – The group conducts research on class composition, Marxist theory, and global issues. It publishes essays, books, and investigations, and produces the magazine Nuestra America, focused on Latin American political movements. Its publishing arm, I Quaderni di Contropiano, further supports its theoretical and analytical work.
Grassroots Labor Activism – RdC militants are directly involved in bottom-up trade union efforts, promoting workers’ rights and organizing in opposition to mainstream labor structures.
International Solidarity and Cultural Engagement – The organization participates in various anti-militarist and international solidarity initiatives, along with independent media and cultural activities aligned with the roader independent left.

The network also maintains close ties with two student organizations: Cambiare Rotta, which mobilizes university students (founded in 2021 as an evolution of “We Resist”), and OSA – Opposizione Studentesca d’Alternativa, focused on high school activism (founded in 2018).

It is also interesting to note that, in the spring 2025 elections for the National Council of University Students, Cambiare Rotta was able to count on the support of USB, Potere al Popolo, and Rete dei Comunisti-RdC. This is a significant detail that highlights the mutual support among the various far-left groups, regardless of their affiliation with different groups, both structurally and ideologically. [xviii]

RdC’s leader is Prof. Luciano Vasapollo, who teaches Methods of Analysis of Economic Systems and Methods of Economic Analysis and Development Problems at Sapienza University of Rome.[xix]

Vasapollo has been photographed in Caracas next to Venezuelan dictator and Cartel de los Soles leader, Nicolas Maduro and, in September 2025, he stated that Venezuela “is a hope, not a threat” and he accused the United States of pushing for a military escalation against Maduro.

In September 2024, a RdC, Cambiare Rotta and OSA delegation flew to Caracas to take part in the “World Congress against Fascism and Neo-Fascism” under the aegis of Nicolás Maduro.

As explained by investigative journalist Francesca Galici in an article published on Il Giornale daily newspaper:

“The disputed election of the Venezuelan president was greeted unquestionably by the three organizations, who enthusiastically celebrated the news. Indeed, they were present during the Popular Consulta elections, complete with Che Guevara flags, as international observers. Luciano Vasapollo, director of the Communist Network, also led the Italian delegation that departed for Caracas.”

Moreover, Galici, who has worked extensively on the Italian far left movements, also provided an accurate portrait of Vasapollo:

“Vasapollo is a well-known figure in Italian far-left circles, having emerged from a Venezuelan TV documentary that linked him to the pro-Maduro network in Italy. Presented as an “economist and political activist,” he is a professor of Applied Economics Data Analysis at La Sapienza University of Rome, as well as the Rector’s Delegate for International Relations with the ALBA countries, the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas…According to social media accounts, the professor has traveled to Venezuela several times as an international observer since 2018. His speeches have frequently been reported (at least in the past) by the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cambiare Rotta, and Osa, for whom Vasapollo appears to be an ideological mentor. In a June 17 video, Vasapollo appears with Felipe Jorge, deputy minister of public works in the Chavez government, who said he was honored “to receive from a great man fighting for a more just society” a book on “the vision of the new global geopolitics in defense of humanity.”[xx]

In July 2025, another delegation led by Vasapollo was once again in Caracas where they accompanied by Lidice Navas. A militant of the Communist revolutionary movement of Venezuela in the 1960s, in 1976 Navas co-founded the Bandera Roja guerrilla movement. In the 1980s, she moved to El Salvador with her husband and they both joined the FMLN guerrilla movement. Navas is a former United Socialist Party of Venezuela and member of the Political Bureau of the Region of Caracas.[xxi]

In November 2024, RdC expressed solidarity to Mohammad Hannoun who was expelled from the city of Milan for six months by local authorities after praising the perpetrators of the attacks that occurred in Amsterdam on November 7th, when Islamist thugs attacked the Maccabi Tel Aviv fans after the game against Ajax. The statement was made during a pro-Pal demonstration in Milan on Saturday November 9th.

Figure 17 Nicolas Maduro and Luciano Vasapollo in Caracas in 2022

Figure 18 Maduro referring to Vasapollo in an X post

Comite Internacional de America Latina y Caribe and grupo 26 de Julio (International Committee of Latin America and the Caribbeans – July 26 group)

Based in Milan, the Italian city with the largest Latin American community, it is connected to Rete dei Comunisti. Its members, mostly Italian and Cuban activists, with sporadic participation by others from Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and Venezuela, have been present at pro-Palestinian demonstrations, including one outside the US Consulate in Milan.

Figure 19 A CIALC banner outside the US Consulate in Milan

Figure 20 The CIALC Facebook account posting a photo of Mohammad Hannoun during a speech in Milan

Potere al Popolo (Power to the People)

Potere al Popolo is a left-wing political party in Italy, founded in December 2017 as a coalition of anti-capitalist groups and social movements. Originally launched as a joint electoral list for the 2018 general election, the party has since evolved into a permanent political organization advocating for radical social and economic change.

Its origins trace back to the Je so Pazzo social center in Naples, a hub of grassroots activism. From the outset, Potere al Popolo drew inspiration from international leftist movements, notably Momentum—the group that supported Jeremy Corbyn’s leadership of the UK Labour Party—and France’s La France Insoumise, led by Jean-Luc Mélenchon, who once described their shared struggle as a “common adventure for the construction of a people’s alternative for Europe.”

Today, Potere al Popolo is affiliated with the International Peoples’ Assembly, a global network of socialist and anti-imperialist organizations. Its partners include the Party for Socialism and Liberation (U.S.), Brazil’s Landless Workers’ Movement (MST), the Socialist Party of Zambia, South Africa’s National Union of Metalworkers, and the Palestinian People’s Party.

Figure 21 A PP post in support of Al Aqsa Brigades terrorist Yaeesh Anan

Figure 22 A PP demonstrator with a t-shirt “From the river to the sea” produced by PP itself

Conclusive thoughts

The galaxy of protesters active in the Italian squares can be briefly summarized in the following categories:

Members of various far-left groups (trade unions, political parties, student movements, social centers, and collectives).
Second- and third-generation immigrants from Islamic countries, but not necessarily members of organized Islamist religious groups.
Organized Palestinian groups, both Islamist and socialist in nature.
Latin American far-left activists.
Islamists belonging to organized or semi-organized groups.
Sympathizers of the cause, not necessarily included in the above categories.

The groups and events listed in this publication are only a very small part of a much larger, more intricate, and complex phenomenon. Palestinian groups can count on a historic and widespread presence of the radical left in universities, workplaces (factories), and extra-parliamentary circles, thus giving rise to multi-level infiltration. They can also exploit its “megaphone” in the streets to pressure the Italian government to adopt a hostile stance toward Israel, fearing street riots and ungovernability.

The far-left, for its part, is crowding pro-Pal demonstrations, aiming to exploit the so-called “Palestinian cause,” which has been exponentially revived globally following the massacre of October 7, 2023, as a means of relaunching their political struggle against the current center-right government and attempting to subvert the democratic order.

The reality emerging in Italy is an umbrella of somewhat interconnected groups that, while differing on certain ideological and pragmatic details, share the fight against the United States, NATO, and Israel. This galaxy of groups and subgroups is active on multiple levels, from factories to universities, public sector jobs, and high schools.

The real goal, as already mentioned, is to raise the level of conflict and overthrow the democratically elected government, and strong pressures from outside Italy’s borders by states hostile to NATO cannot be ruled out. While the narrative perpetuated by these groups is in itself obsolete, operationally the problematic issue concerns methods such as the identification and stigmatization of those perceived as “enemies,” which can lead to a spiral of violence, the prelude of which could be what was witnessed on September 22nd during the clashes in Milan and Bologna.

Following these events, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni declared: “I’m not stupid, I see what’s happening. What’s happening, specifically in Italy, isn’t aimed at alleviating the suffering of the people of Gaza; it’s aimed at attacking the Italian government. What is the aim? The aim is to blockade Italy. There will be further episodes of violence, and there will be a very complex public order situation.”[xxii]

The Italian situation isn’t just a matter for Italy; it’s a problem that also affects allied countries, and the United States should monitor ongoing developments very closely, especially given Italy’s strategic and military importance (the numerous US and NATO bases in the country).

For its part, the Meloni government must respond decisively and effectively to the subversive threat posed by the far left and Palestinian groups active on Italian soil.

Some images of the September riots in Milan

The sequence of a video taken on September 22, 2025, in Milan shows far-left demonstrators burning a US flag:

Clashes occurred in Milan on September 22 and September 16:

The photo on the left show flags of Rete dei Comunisti’s youth groups OSA and Cambiare Rotta. (Taken on sept 22 in Milan’s Central Station during the assault on the police).

The photo on the right display flags belonging to OSA, Rete dei Comunisti and Potere al Popolo. (Taken on spet 16 in Milan’s Porta Venezia).